Tertullian (c. 155 – 220 AD) was an early Christian theologian from Carthage, regarded as the "Father of Latin Christianity". He was the first to write extensive Christian works in Latin, significantly shaping early Church doctrine. He introduced key theological concepts, including the term Trinity (Trinitas), and strongly defended Christianity against Roman persecution and Gnostic heresies.
Little is known about his personal life, but he was highly educated, likely trained in law. Around 197 AD, he converted to Christianity, embracing a strict moral code that influenced his writings. His works, including Apologeticus and Against Marcion, argued for religious freedom, defended the faith against critics, and promoted a disciplined Christian lifestyle.
Later, Tertullian aligned with Montanism, a movement advocating prophetic revelations and moral rigor. While some claimed he left mainstream Christianity, his influence remained strong. His writings cover theology, ethics, and Church authority, including debates on martyrdom, baptism, and the nature of God. His views on the subordination of the Son and Spirit to the Father were later rejected by the Church.
Tertullian’s legacy is profound, laying the foundation for Western theology. His works continue to be studied for their influence on Christian doctrine and their passionate defense of faith in a hostile Roman world.